iron-gall ink, carbon ink, mixed ink
Egypt
11th Century
Source: Zina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
vitriol
Preparation Steps
The main text uses iron-gall ink with vitriol markers. Most signatures (8 out of 10) use a mixed ink that shares the same vitriolic fingerprint as the main text, suggesting a combination of the original ink with a carbon-based substance (p. 132).
Original Recipe Text
The main text uses iron-gall ink with vitriol markers. Most signatures (8 out of 10) use a mixed ink that shares the same vitriolic fingerprint as the main text, suggesting a combination of the original ink with a carbon-based substance (p. 132).
Evidence
"An iron-gall ink containing traces of the iron satellites from vitriol was used to write the main text, one signature was written with carbon ink and the other eight signatures were penned with a mixed ink containing traces of the iron satellites from vitriol, with a similar fingerprint to the ink used to write the main text."
Remarks
Manuscript T-S 13J1.9. Three different inks are present on the same page. The variation suggests either witnesses signing in different sessions or the purposeful mixing of batches (p. 132).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorZina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
CollectionFusṭāṭ
Language
N/A
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