iron-gall ink
Egypt
11th Century
Source: Zina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
vitriol
Preparation Steps
The main text ink contains significant vitriolic satellites (Cu, Zn, Mn), whereas the eight subsequent signatures show a profile with nearly absent vitriolic satellites, suggesting different ink batches or origins for the witnesses (p. 130).
Original Recipe Text
The main text ink contains significant vitriolic satellites (Cu, Zn, Mn), whereas the eight subsequent signatures show a profile with nearly absent vitriolic satellites, suggesting different ink batches or origins for the witnesses (p. 130).
Evidence
"The ink of the main text contains about 10% of copper, a low amount of zinc and only traces of manganese, in contrast to the inks of the remaining signatures with their very low amount of all three main vitriolic satellites, copper, zinc and manganese."
Remarks
Manuscript T-S 20.6. The main text and first signature shared an ink profile, likely indicating they were penned by the scribe or judge themselves before being presented to witnesses who used their own supply (p. 130).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Composition10% copper, low amount of zinc, traces of manganese
Analytical Techniques
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorZina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
CollectionFustat
Language
N/A
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