parchment prepared from goat or kid skin
Iran
7th Century
Source: Azarpay, G., Barabe, J. G., Martin, K. A., & Teetsov, A. S. (2002). Analysis of Writing Materials in Middle Persian Documents. Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 16, 181-187.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
goat skin, kid skin
Preparation Steps
The material was manufactured into parchment. Goatskin was identified as a superior writing material compared to sheep or cow hides due to its inherent softness and flexibility (p. 182).
Original Recipe Text
The material was manufactured into parchment. Goatskin was identified as a superior writing material compared to sheep or cow hides due to its inherent softness and flexibility (p. 182).
Evidence
"One of the document samples consisted of three fragments of stiff, warped, tan-colored material with ink markings on one face. Examination by light microscopy revealed the presence of hair fibers, indicating an animal origin for the document... Comparison of hair fibers from the document fragment was made to fibers from a domestic U.S. goat, which were found to be very similar."
Remarks
Sample 1 was confirmed as goat-based parchment through the identification of specific hair fibers and the comparison of collagen fiber bundles, which were found to be most similar to those of modern goat parchment (p. 183).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Compositioncollagen
Analytical Techniques
collagen fiber bundle comparison
UV-fluorescence examination
light microscopy
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Paper TypeParchment
ColorRed
RegionIran
Approx. Year650
Source Information
AuthorAzarpay, G., Barabe, J. G., Martin, K. A., & Teetsov, A. S.
CollectionPahlavi Archive at Berkeley, sample 1
Language
N/A
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