bottle green (copper proteinate)
Spain
13th Century
Source: Vieira, M.; Melo, M.J.; Nabais, P.; Lopes, J.A.; Lopes, G.V.; Fernández, L.F. The Colors in Medieval Illuminations through the Magnificent Scriptorium of Alfonso X, the Learned. Heritage 2024, 7, 272–300.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
verdigris, organic yellow (possibly), proteinaceous binder
Preparation Steps
Obtained using verdigris as a source of copper. Medieval recipes advised adding an organic yellow to verdigris paint to obtain this specific green (p. 284, p. 277). Reconstructions involved dissolving verdigris in commercial vinegar (1:1) and adding it to a 20% gelatin solution (p. 277).
Original Recipe Text
Obtained using verdigris as a source of copper. Medieval recipes advised adding an organic yellow to verdigris paint to obtain this specific green (p. 284, p. 277). Reconstructions involved dissolving verdigris in commercial vinegar (1:1) and adding it to a 20% gelatin solution (p. 277).
Evidence
"The second green, the copper proteinate, also known as bottle green, has been extensively found in manuscripts... It was identified in all the manuscripts through FORS."
Remarks
In the Rich codex, bottle green was the 'green of election' (p. 284). Though its brightness and saturation are preserved, it often shows detachment from the parchment support due to degradation of the binding media (p. 284).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Compositioncopper proteinate
Analytical Techniques
Raman
FORS
FTIR
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
BinderAlbumen
Paper TypeParchment
ColorGreen
RegionSpain
Approx. Year1250
Source Information
TitleThe Colors in Medieval Illuminations through the Magnificent Scriptorium of Alfonso X, the Learned
AuthorVieira, M.; Melo, M.J.; Nabais, P.; Lopes, J.A.; Lopes, G.V.; Fernández, L.F. The Colors in Medieval Illuminations through the Magnificent Scriptorium of Alfonso X, the Learned. Heritage 2024, 7, 272–300.
CollectionRich codex, Musicians’ codex, Lapidary, Book of Games
Language
N/A
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