natural ultramarine blue (lapis lazuli), azurite, and smalt
Spain
11th Century
Source: Goltz, D. M. (2012). A Review of Instrumental Approaches for Studying Historical Inks. Analytical Letters, 45:4, 314-329.
Recipe Details
Evidence
"natural ultramarine blue (lapis lazuli), azurite, and smalt in blue inks"
Remarks
The Arabic manuscript collection contained a variety of blue inorganic pigments, with ultramarine and azurite being common (p. 322).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
FTIR
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorBlue
RegionSpain
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorGoltz, D. M.
CollectionUnknown
Language
N/A
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