vermillion and minimum

Spain
11th Century
Source: Goltz, D. M. (2012). A Review of Instrumental Approaches for Studying Historical Inks. Analytical Letters, 45:4, 314-329.
Recipe Details

Evidence

"pigments such as vermillion and minimum were the most used for red inks"

Remarks

Part of a study on Arabic manuscripts (11th-17th C) identified via FTIR. Red inks were predominantly composed of these two inorganic pigments (p. 322).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionHgS; Pb3O4
Analytical Techniques
FTIR
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorRed
RegionSpain
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorGoltz, D. M.
CollectionUnknown
Language
N/A
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