hematite
Egypt
19th Century
Source: Noshy W., Nazel, T., Hassan, R. & Hosni, A. (2020). THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY (2.5D) IN THE AUTHENTICITY OF A MANUSCRIPT FROM THE ISLAMIC ERA. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 10(1), 1-7.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
hematite, Arabian gm
Preparation Steps
Prepared by grinding 100 gm of hematite (red pigment) and mixing it with 20 gm of Arabian gum (p. 4).
Original Recipe Text
Prepared by grinding 100 gm of hematite (red pigment) and mixing it with 20 gm of Arabian gum (p. 4).
Evidence
"Red ink; it composed of hematite with low ratio of iron."
Remarks
Used for the names of the Suras, ornaments of words, and the internal frame of the page (p. 2). 2.5D imaging showed that the red ink in the original manuscript appeared 'melted' and spread widely on the surface compared to the coherent appearance in experimental samples. The original absorbed less of the red spectrum (Section 3.2.2).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionFe2O3
Analytical Techniques
Digital Technology (2.5D)
SEM-EDX
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderArabian gm
ColorRed
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorNoshy W., Nazel, T., Hassan, R. & Hosni, A.
Collectionlibrary of Prof. Alsayed Mohamed; director of the Arabic Manuscripts Center at Minia Univ.
Language
N/A
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