iron gall ink
Egypt
19th Century
Source: Noshy W., Nazel, T., Hassan, R. & Hosni, A. (2020). THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY (2.5D) IN THE AUTHENTICITY OF A MANUSCRIPT FROM THE ISLAMIC ERA. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 10(1), 1-7.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
sulfuric acid, tannic acid, Pyrite, iron oxide
Preparation Steps
The reconstruction of the black ink involved adding 10 ml sulfuric acid to 20% tannic acid, then mixing with 100 gm of grinding Pyrite (iron oxide) and leaving the mixture for three days to obtain iron sulfate (p. 3).
Original Recipe Text
The reconstruction of the black ink involved adding 10 ml sulfuric acid to 20% tannic acid, then mixing with 100 gm of grinding Pyrite (iron oxide) and leaving the mixture for three days to obtain iron sulfate (p. 3).
Evidence
"The EDX analysis of the iron gall ink revealed the presence of alkaline elements (Na and Cl) and additives (Al, S, and Si) added in the process of paper-making."
Remarks
Used to write the main content of the manuscript fully (p. 2). 2.5D analysis revealed that the distribution of black ink granules in the applied manuscript was less coherent than in experimental reconstructions, though they shared significant similarities in coverage strength and color sensitivity (Section 3.2.2).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
Digital Technology (2.5D)
SEM-EDX
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorNoshy W., Nazel, T., Hassan, R. & Hosni, A.
Collectionlibrary of Prof. Alsayed Mohamed; director of the Arabic Manuscripts Center at Minia Univ.
Language
N/A
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