cotton

Ingredients

cotton, Rosin, kaolin, gypsum, gelatin

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

The paper pulp was made of cotton and contained additive materials in the pulp including Rosin, kaolin, gypsum, and gelatin (p. 3). Experimental preparation involved using a hand mill to soften ingredients and remove undesirable materials, using a ratio of 90% cotton and 10% additives (Section 2.2.2).

Evidence

"SEM results illustrated that the manuscript paper was probably made from cotton because cotton fibers are long; the length ranges from 10 to 65 nm."

Remarks

The paper measures 33.5x23 cm and belongs to a 28-page manuscript of the 30th part of the Holy Qur'an (p. 2). 2.5D imaging showed significant topographical differences between the original manuscript paper (uneven surface, high light absorption, low reflection) and modern experimental reconstructions (even surface, high reflection) (Section 3.1). EDX analysis also showed additives such as S, Al, Si, Na, and Fe (p. 2).