European paper with W.W.&H Pannekoek watermark
Indonesia
19th Century
Source: Safitri, Ratna, et al. (2022). EUROPEAN PAPER AND WATERMARKS IN THE QURAN COPY OF TUBAGUS MUSTOFA BAKRI. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 20(1), 1-28.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
European paper, Dutch paper
Preparation Steps
Produced by the W.W.&H Pannekoek paper company based in Heelsum, Netherlands. This specific watermark was made starting in 1808 (p. 22). The paper is of European origin and was traded as blank sheets of laid paper (p. 28).
Original Recipe Text
Produced by the W.W.&H Pannekoek paper company based in Heelsum, Netherlands. This specific watermark was made starting in 1808 (p. 22). The paper is of European origin and was traded as blank sheets of laid paper (p. 28).
Evidence
"This watermark was made by a Dutch paper company located in Heelsum in 1808. The following is a display of the W.W.&H Pannekoek watermark in the TMB Quran."
Remarks
The 1808 date of the Pannekoek watermark is critical evidence that refutes the oral tradition of a 14th-century origin for the manuscript (p. 22). Some pages were written with the watermark in a reversed or upside-down position (p. 24, 25).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
codicological analysis
watermark identification
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Paper TypeEuropean paper with W.W.&H Pannekoek watermark
RegionIndonesia
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorSafitri, Ratna, et al.
CollectionAl-Mustofa Mosque, Bogor
Language
N/A
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