iron gall types

Morocco
9th Century
Source: Oubelkacem, Y., Haddad, M., El Bakkali, A., Ait Lyazidi, S., Lamhasni, T., & Ben-Ncer, A. (2020). Non-invasive physicochemical investigations of ancient Moroccan Islamic and Jewish parchments. 2020 6th IEEE Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt), 173-177.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

iron, tannins, calcium oxalates

Preparation Steps

The ink is identified as an iron gall type, consisting of iron salts mixed with tannins. The presence of iron (Fe) signals in XRF and degradation products such as calcium oxalates and gypsum identified via ATR-FTIR confirm the type (p. 173, 177). In the case of MEK-MS-7LP, the high acidity of the parchment support (pH 4.75-5.75) has enhanced the corrosive behavior of the iron gall ink (p. 177).

Original Recipe Text

The ink is identified as an iron gall type, consisting of iron salts mixed with tannins. The presence of iron (Fe) signals in XRF and degradation products such as calcium oxalates and gypsum identified via ATR-FTIR confirm the type (p. 173, 177). In the case of MEK-MS-7LP, the high acidity of the parchment support (pH 4.75-5.75) has enhanced the corrosive behavior of the iron gall ink (p. 177).

Evidence

"These latter have been characterized as iron gall types, while all coloring materials have been identified and characterized (p. 173). Iron gall black inks had been used in all manuscripts (p. 177)."

Remarks

The study notes that calcium oxalates, which are degradation products, are present on all black written lines across the investigated manuscripts (p. 177).

Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
XRF
FTIR
structural Raman
FOR spectroscopies
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionMorocco
Approx. Year850
Source Information
TitleNon-invasive physicochemical investigations of ancient Moroccan Islamic and Jewish parchments
AuthorOubelkacem, Y., Haddad, M., El Bakkali, A., Ait Lyazidi, S., Lamhasni, T., & Ben-Ncer, A.
CollectionGreat mosque of the imperial city of Meknes
Language
N/A
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