groundwood pulp book

Ingredients

furfural, 5-methyl furfural, vanillin, guaiacol, acetic acid, toluene, butanoic acid, ethylbenzene, xylene, pentanoic acid, heptanal, benzaldehyde, trimethylbenzene, phenol, hexanoic acid, octanal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, acetophenone, heptanoic acid, undecane, nonanal, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, dodecane, decanal, nonanoic acid, tridecane, undecanal, decanoic acid, tetradecane, dodecanal, pentadecane, hexadecane, 1-methylethyl ester dodecanoic acid, heptadecane, PAHs, octadecane, nonadecane

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

Paper samples (150 mg) were cut into small pieces and placed in 20 ml Pyrex glass vials. (Section 2.2, p. 124). For the HS-SPME extraction, a 50/30 m divinylbenzene-carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (DVB-CAR/PDMS) fibre was inserted into the vial headspace. The vial and fibre were heated at 60 C for 1 hour. (Section 2.4, p. 125). Artificial ageing included dry heat (90
2 C) in sealed vials for up to 28 days (Section 2.3.1, p. 125) and moist heat (90 C and 100% RH) where paper samples were suspended above 1 ml of distilled water in vials (Section 2.3.2, p. 125). Analytes were then manually injected into a gas chromatograph (HP 6890) coupled with a mass spectrometer (Finnigan Automass II) using a CP-Sil 8CB capillary column. (Section 2.5, p. 125).

Evidence

"This HS-SPME/GC/MS method associated with accelerated ageing enabled the characterisation of 36 VOCs of which four—furfural, 5-methyl furfural, vanillin and guaiacol—can be considered as relevant carbohydrates and lignin degradation compounds."

Remarks

The study randomizes paper sheets from a 1931 groundwood pulp book. (Section 3, p. 125). Lignocellulosic degradation markers are identified: furfural originates from acid hydrolysis and dehydration of cellulose (Section 3.1, p. 126), while vanillin and guaiacol result from the degradation of lignin. (Section 3.1, p. 126; Section 3.2.2, p. 129). Moist heat ageing significantly enhanced the formation of these markers, with guaiacol reaching a 12% relative abundance after 21 days of moist heat treatment. (Section 3.2.2, p. 129). The research suggests these VOCs can serve as indicators to evaluate the state of deterioration of old books non-destructively. (Section 4, p. 131).