mixed ink (carbon and, iron-gall)

Ingredients

carbon (soot), iron-gall, iron sulphate, burnt animal bones

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

The ink is categorized as a 'true category of mixed inks' (p. 65). Raman analysis showed strong bands at 1334 and 1588 cm-1 characteristic of carbon black (Section 3.5.1, p. 63). A band at 984 cm-1 indicated phosphorus, suggesting the presence of apatite from burning animal bones, identified as black bone (p. 65). The co-presence of iron (Fe: 0.23%) and sulphur (S: 0.057%) detected via pXRF supports the addition of iron-gall components (Section 3.5.1, p. 63).

Evidence

"Mixed ink (carbon and, iron-gall)... were identified, as black ink... respectively."

Remarks

Technical photography using IRF confirmed the carbon black content, as it appeared dark under IR, while pure iron-gall would produce a vivid red color in this context (p. 65, Table 1). XRF also detected minor elements: Si (0.098%), Cl (0.101%), and P (0.14%) (p. 63).