Carbon
Malay
19th Century
Source: Razak, R., Barkeshli, M., & Othman, R. (2017). Traditional Malay Black Ink: An analysis of its recipes and characteristics. Advanced Science Letters, 23(7), 6189-6193.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
carbon, binding medium, additives
Preparation Steps
The ink is likely produced using indigenous recipes, possibly including ingredients like soot from kerosene oil lamps (ceduk), charcoal from firewood, or paper ash as carbon sources (p. 6190). Binders may include fruit rinds like young mangosteen or rambutan, boiled into a paste, dried, and ground (p. 6190).
Original Recipe Text
The ink is likely produced using indigenous recipes, possibly including ingredients like soot from kerosene oil lamps (ceduk), charcoal from firewood, or paper ash as carbon sources (p. 6190). Binders may include fruit rinds like young mangosteen or rambutan, boiled into a paste, dried, and ground (p. 6190).
Evidence
"The Royal Malay letters, were written using carbon black ink that is most likely produced by the indigeneous Malay recipe. ... Dense black ink. Greenish effect at certain parts of writing ink. Thick and flaking ink."
Remarks
This letter exhibited dense black ink but showed a greenish effect and flaking. The greenish effect is noted as a characteristic degradation sign (p. 6193).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
Digital optical microscopy
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionMalay
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorRazak, R., Barkeshli, M., & Othman, R.
CollectionRoyal Malay Letter from Yang Dipertuan Muda Raja Jaafar of Riau to T.S Raffles (Mss Eur D742/1/27)
Language
N/A
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