malachite, verdigris, lead and tin yellows

Spain
11th Century
Source: Restaurator 28: 76–106 © 2008 Saur, Munich etc.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

malachite, verdigris, lead, tin, gum arabic

Preparation Steps

Verdigris is defined as a mixture of copper acetate and basic copper chloride (p. 99).

Original Recipe Text

Verdigris is defined as a mixture of copper acetate and basic copper chloride (p. 99).

Evidence

"green: malachite (basic copper carbonate), verdigris (copper acetate and basic copper chloride), lead and tin yellows"

Remarks

Analysis of green ink in Ms. 19 showed the presence of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) via SEM-EDX (p. 98).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical Compositionbasic copper carbonate, copper acetate, basic copper chloride
Analytical Techniques
Raman
SEM-EDX
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
BinderAcacia gum
ColorGreen
RegionSpain
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
TitleA Study about Colourants in the Arabic Manuscript Collection of the Sacromonte Abbey
AuthorRestaurator 28: 76–106 © 2008 Saur, Munich etc.
CollectionMs. 19, Ms. 20
Language
N/A
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