vermillion (mercury sulphide), Minium (mixed lead oxide), Hematites (iron oxides)
Spain
11th Century
Source: Restaurator 28: 76–106 © 2008 Saur, Munich etc.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
vermillion, mercury sulphide, minium, lead oxide, hematites, iron oxides
Preparation Steps
The most used was vermillion (HgS), alone or mixed with minium or lead red (Pb3O4). This was a common procedure to reduce costs and give luminosity to the colour, resulting in an orangish hue (p. 99).
Original Recipe Text
The most used was vermillion (HgS), alone or mixed with minium or lead red (Pb3O4). This was a common procedure to reduce costs and give luminosity to the colour, resulting in an orangish hue (p. 99).
Evidence
"The red used for vocalisations or to frame the writing box (Ms.8), to draw attention to graphics (Ms.1), highlight titles or emphasize certain aspects of the text (Ms. 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 21), was similarly obtained from various different elements."
Remarks
Red inks from Ms. 9, 19 and 22 were analyzed with Raman (p. 97). Used for vocalizations, writing box frames, and graphics (p. 97).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionHgS, Pb3O4
Analytical Techniques
Raman
DRX
SEM-EDX
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
BinderAcacia gum
ColorRed
RegionSpain
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorRestaurator 28: 76–106 © 2008 Saur, Munich etc.
CollectionMs. 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22
Language
N/A
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