black ink, red ink
Iraq
11th Century
Source: Gacek, A. (2009). The Arabic Manuscript: A Vademecum for Readers.
Recipe Details
Preparation Steps
In the Chester Beatty Qur'an, black ink was used for the primary text, while red ink was applied later (notably one month after the main text in one referenced colophon, p. 227) for rubrication purposes. This included the basmalahs and the beginnings and ends of chapters.
Original Recipe Text
In the Chester Beatty Qur'an, black ink was used for the primary text, while red ink was applied later (notably one month after the main text in one referenced colophon, p. 227) for rubrication purposes. This included the basmalahs and the beginnings and ends of chapters.
Evidence
"penned by Ibn al-Bawwāb in 391/1000–01. ... Here the basmalahs and/or the beginnings and ends of chapters are penned in red ink... the rubrication of this manuscript was done one month after the main text was penned in black ink."
Remarks
Rubrication (tahmir) became a standard feature used for chapter headings, vocalization, and tajwid (p. 228). In deluxe copies like the Chester Beatty MS 1431, red ink was also used for marginal roundels marking verse-counts and prostrations (p. 227).
Scientific Analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionIraq
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorGacek, A.
CollectionChester Beatty Qur’an (MS 1431)
Language
N/A
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