the main black ink
Iraq
9th Century
Source: Marotta, G., Fedeli, A., Sathiyamani, S., & Colini, C. (2025). Archaeometric philology for the study of deteriorated and overlapping layers of ink: the colour code of an early Qur’anic fragment. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 140, 446.
Recipe Details
Evidence
"The writing system of the Arabic script of the artefact represents homograph letters for the skeleton of the text (the main black ink) distinguished by rare consonantal diacritics in the shape of oblique strokes in black ink."
Remarks
The black ink is used for the main skeleton of the text and rare consonantal diacritics (p. 2). In early manuscripts, consonantal strokes were usually traced with the main ink before the introduction of coloured diacritics (Section 3.1). Deterioration processes like photo-oxidation and pigment transfers affect the perceptibility of the ink and overlapping layers (p. 3).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
palaeographic and philological observations
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionIraq
Approx. Year850
Source Information
AuthorMarotta, G., Fedeli, A., Sathiyamani, S., & Colini, C.
CollectionHamburg, SUB Cod. in Scrin. 153a
Language
N/A
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