ink

Ingredients

ink

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

The text mentions Qur'anic verses were written in ink onto the interior surfaces of unglazed pottery bowls (p. 79). The bowl was subsequently filled with water, creating a mixture of ink and water for ritualistic consumption (p. 79).

Evidence

"Fig. 5 Unglazed sherds with writing added after firing. Late 8th or early 9th century. Raqqa Ancient Industries Project."

Remarks

The author identifies these unglazed sherds (ostraca) as carrying writing added after firing. The text notes that these represent an opportunistic reuse of an available surface for writing, particularly as paper, vellum, and parchment were expensive and difficult to obtain in the northern Syrian region during the early Islamic period (p. 79). Finds include correspondence, personal names, and pious benefactions (p. 79).