Lapis lazuli, also known as natural ultramarine
Afghanistan
15th Century
Source: Sloggett, R., Kerry, A., & Nugent, K. (1999). Science in the Service of Religion and Art: Analysis of Pigments in Middle Eastern Manuscripts. The University of Melbourne Library Journal, 5(1), 20-24.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
stone, lead white
Preparation Steps
The stone is crushed or broken by heating and cooling. It is usually mixed with lead white to make it appear blue (p. 22).
Original Recipe Text
The stone is crushed or broken by heating and cooling. It is usually mixed with lead white to make it appear blue (p. 22).
Evidence
"Lapis lazuli, also known as natural ultramarine, was the most prevalent of the blue pigments in manuscripts tested and is found in all the manuscripts except for MUL 134. Much of the lapis used in middle eastern book production originated from Afghanistan."
Remarks
Lapis was identified in the unwan pages of MUL 3 and 17, and MUL 87. In MUL 17 (folio 69v), it was found in the dome, green leaves, and brown trunks of illustrations. In MUL 3, other colors were found to be adulterated with lapis, suggesting a shared brush or grinder was used (p. 22).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Compositioncomplex silicate of sodium and aluminium, containing sulphur radicals
Analytical Techniques
raman
Raman laser microprobe spectroscopy
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorBlue
RegionAfghanistan
Approx. Year1450
Source Information
AuthorSloggett, R., Kerry, A., & Nugent, K.
CollectionAfghanistan
Language
N/A
AI Suggestions
Find similar recipes based on ingredients and preparation methods.