الإسفيداج
Tunisia
11th Century
Recipe Details
Ingredients
الإسفيداج, قلقنتا يابسا, ماء الصمغ
Preparation Steps
Gold-like ink (p. 109): Take six mithqals of lead white (isfidhaj) and four mithqals of dry vitriol (qalqant). Place the ingredients in a clay-lined glass vial. Place the vial in the upper part of a glass furnace (atun al-zujaj) for one full day and night. After cooling, extract the mixture, pour gum Arabic water onto it, and use it for writing. Once written, the text must be polished to achieve a fine golden appearance.
Original Recipe Text
Gold-like ink (p. 109): Take six mithqals of lead white (isfidhaj) and four mithqals of dry vitriol (qalqant). Place the ingredients in a clay-lined glass vial. Place the vial in the upper part of a glass furnace (atun al-zujaj) for one full day and night. After cooling, extract the mixture, pour gum Arabic water onto it, and use it for writing. Once written, the text must be polished to achieve a fine golden appearance.
Evidence
"يؤخذ من الإسفيداج ستة مثاقيل ويلقى عليه أربعة مثاقيل قلقنتا يابسا ، ثم يجعل في قارورة طينة ، ويطرح في أتون الزجاج الأعلى يوما وليلة ثم يُخرج ويصب عليه ماء الصمغ ويكتب به ويصقل يخرج ذهبا جيدا"
Remarks
The heat of the glass furnace likely causes a chemical reaction between the lead white and the sulfur in the vitriol, potentially producing lead-tin yellow or a similar calcined lead pigment that mimics gold (p. 109).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Composition2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
Binderماء الصمغ
Colorمثل الذهب
RegionTunisia
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
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